How to remove barriers to financing agrifood organizations in developing countries

By Johan Thuard, West Africa Investment officer

In developing countries, financing agricultural activities represents a major challenge, one that is often underestimated. According to ISF Advisors, only 34% of the $160 billion needed each year to support the 220,000 small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa is covered by formal financing[1]. This lack of financing creates an annual deficit of $106 billion, with serious consequences for the sector’s dynamism. In particular, its ability to meet the challenges of food security, job creation and reduced vulnerability for the 1.3 billion people who depend on agriculture in these regions [2]. This deficit is colossal; to better understand its scale, it is almost equivalent to the $113 billion allocated to fossil fuels by the main banks of the European Union in 2023 [3]. This critical situation cannot be resolved by the market alone.

But what explains such a deficit? At SIDI, through our experience as a solidarity investor active for over 40 years, we seek to shed light on this question. In this context, SIDI finances cooperatives and agri-food SMEs in developing countries. These organizations work with small-scale producers in support of family farming, both upstream – by facilitating their production and their transition to sustainable agriculture – and downstream – by developing outlets through the processing and marketing of agricultural produce. We identify three major barriers to the mobilization of financing by agricultural organizations: problems of identification, preparation, and an imbalance between the risk and profitability of transactions. These barriers particularly affect smaller, less mature organizations. These organizations find themselves in the “missing middle”, while also being ill-suited to the requirements of formal financiers (commercial banks, international financiers, donors, etc.). This article looks at these three barriers, focusing specifically on debt financing, and proposes solutions to overcome them.

Better identification between agri-food organizations and funders

For agri-food organizations, particularly those with little experience of fund-raising, it can be difficult to determine which funders to approach, given the fragmented nature of the ecosystem. Each funder has its own strategic priorities, investment criteria and areas of operation, which can be highly specific and difficult to understand externally. Similarly, for international players, identifying new opportunities not yet financed by other players can be a complex task, especially for organizations that are not members of entrepreneurial networks or that operate in remote areas. Finding new financing opportunities requires in-depth knowledge of the local economic fabric. This represents a challenge for investment officers, as the areas to be covered are vast. To illustrate, at SIDI each investment officer is responsible for three to four countries, so deepening our knowledge of local players is a gradual, long-term process. To enrich our understanding of the field, we regularly collaborate with allied organizations, whether local or not. For example, SIDI invests in local I&P funds, such as SINERGI in Burkina Faso, which focus mainly on agricultural sectors. We have also established a partnership with the Ethiquable cooperative to finance and support some of their supplier cooperatives, and maintain close links with organizations specializing in agricultural value chains, such as Nitidæ. At the same time, we are strengthening our local presence with the opening of two offices in Lomé and Kampala, from which we conduct much of our business in sub-Saharan Africa.

The challenge of preparing to raise funds

Fund-raising is a complex process, requiring specific resources and skills. Sometimes, there is a gap between the prerequisites that funders may have to validate a transaction and the capacity of local organizations to meet them. This gap becomes particularly problematic when it involves the fundamentals – operations, social and environmental impact (particularly for impact funders), finance, team, market, or data reliability. Developing cooperatives and SMEs are often not equipped to meet these expectations. This is particularly true for organizations that are growing organically and lack a strong management team. We also note that these organizations may find it difficult to identify their own areas for improvement, nor are they able to overcome them on their own. To overcome these shortcomings, it is important for organizations to have access to specific support to prepare for financing. This is where SIDI’s offer, which combines financing and support, comes into its own. Based on a diagnosis by an investment officer, SIDI can offer not only financing, but also support tailored to the organization’s needs. SIDI works with a number of facilities, including the ACTES Foundation, the SSNUP program and the AT facility of the FEFISOL II fund, to meet the support needs of prospective and existing partner organizations. There are also investment readiness programs that will reinforce the fundamentals while supporting organizations in the preparation of their funding applications – market analysis, creation of business plans or other documents intended for investors. Some of these programs also include prospecting and matchmaking. There are many such programs, often financed by donors and implemented by consulting firms. Examples include Activ’Invest in Senegal, Invest Salone in Sierra Leone, and CrossBoundary, which helps agri-food companies raise funds in several sub-Saharan African countries.

The imbalance between risk and profitability in agricultural financing

A study carried out by Dalberg on 3,500 loans granted to agri-food SMEs by international financiers reveals that half of all loans between €250,000 and €500,000 are not profitable. One of the main reasons for this imbalance is the high and rising cost of risk. In particular, agricultural production is under increasing pressure due to its growing exposure to climatic disturbances. Furthermore, agri-food organizations often operate in markets where product supply and demand are not systematically correlated. As a result, some sectors experience cyclical crises, putting operators under pressure and increasing the risk of default. This risk causes the market to tense up, and it concentrates on certain well-defined segments:

  • Organizations with a lower risk profile, generally larger, more mature organizations with a solid financing history and/or able to offer guarantees.
  • Short-term financing, often in the form of working capital, instead of medium-term loans to finance equipment or investments
  • High financing rates to cover transaction costs

As a result, the market remains relatively static, with a limited number of organizations already known to the sector and financed, and little openness to new partnerships. For a financier like SIDI, whose mission is to be additional, notably by acting as the leading international investor for certain partners, managing this risk is an essential challenge. This is achieved through several approaches: on the one hand, portfolio diversification across different sectors (such as microfinance and agriculture) as well as more or less mature organizations; on the other hand, SIDI’s business model enables it to take greater risks, thanks to its philanthropic shareholding and access to certain guarantee tools. These elements are essential if we are to ” intervene where others do not go “, and thus support high-risk organizations, sectors and regions. This also gives us the possibility of financing particularly risky organizations and/or not being profitable on certain transactions when this is justified by strong additionality and a significant social or environmental impact. From this experience, it is clear that we need to have access to guarantee mechanisms or subsidies so that financiers can be more additional, have a greater impact and thus make the sector more dynamic. Effective solutions already exist, starting with the Aceli program operating in East Africa. This program, dedicated to financing the agricultural sector, offers financiers subsidies to reduce transaction costs, and guarantees to reduce the cost of risk. The value of this program also lies in its ability to minimize market distortions, while encouraging financiers to support the least well-served companies: grants cover only part of the costs, and are higher for companies that have never raised institutional funds, or that have a higher social or environmental impact. This is the kind of example that deserves to be better studied and replicated in other regions, given its proven effectiveness. In a context where the vulnerability of producers and the challenges of food security are increasingly pressing, it is crucial to work towards reducing the barriers to financing agri-food organizations in developing countries. In addition to offering some food for thought, this article is an invitation to all those who wish to collaborate and develop concrete solutions for a more dynamic, socially just and ecologically sustainable sector.

Johan Thuard, West Africa Investment officer

 

[1] ISF Advisors, The state of the agri-SME sector – Bridging the finance gap, 2022 [2] ISF Advisors estimates that this concerns 260 million households – ~1.3 billion people – considering family farming as an integral part of their livelihood in South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa [3] Banking on Climate Finance Chaos, Fossil Fuel Finance Report, 2024

FEFISOL II’s new 2023 social and environmental report

Launched in 2022 by SIDI and Alterfin, and managed by Inpulse Investment Manager, the FEFISOL II fund has financed 40 partners in 16 African countries to the tune of 33 million euros since its inception. The SIDI,Alterfin andInpulse teams are proud to present the results of FEFISOL II’s second year of activity, which are once again in line with the fund’s strong social and environmental mission:

  • 100% focus on Africa and fragile countries, with a strong presence in rural areas
  • More than 2 million final beneficiaries, 61% of whom are women
  • Support tailored to the needs of partners in the field, with projects focused on social and environmental performance
  • Partner organizations committed to the financial inclusion of the poorest, the creation of local added value and the promotion of sustainable agriculture.

Immerse yourself in the details of the fund’s activity in 2023, as well as its partners’ results, and discover inspiring testimonials from the field in this new social and environmental report.

VOIR LE RAPPORT

The MFI ALIDé, SIDI’s new partner in Benin.

SIDI’s development in West Africa

SIDI’s deployment in Benin is part of its development strategy.
The opening of SIDI’s regional office in Lomé, Togo, in 2023 will strengthen our proximity to our partners in West Africa and facilitate the creation of new partnerships.
This geographical proximity allows for greater flexibility in carrying out missions, including prospecting.
It was during one of these missions to Benin that SIDI forged ties with ALIDé, leading to this new partnership.

ALIDé, a partner aligned with SIDI in a difficult Beninese context

Thanks to its 17 points of service, including 10 branches and 85 agents, the ALIDé microfinance institution is working to improve the living conditions of vulnerable and low-income populations throughout Benin.
Founded in 2006, ALIDé currently serves some 50,000 customers, offering essential financial services.
This enables them to realize both personal and professional projects.
In 2022, ALIDé strengthened its social commitments around strong values as part of the revision of its social strategy.
The main commitment concerns women, with the aim of providing them with greater support to promote their social and economic inclusion.
Clear, measurable indicators have been defined for this purpose.
The Association supports projects in various sectors, including agriculture, through non-financial services and dedicated financial products.
This is an ambition that SIDI supports, in a general context of worsening risks in the agricultural sector and an economic situation impacted by strong political decisions at local level since 2023.
Indeed, developments in the political and economic situation in Benin are marked by a timid resumption of trade transactions with Niger (80% of transit through the port of Cotonou comes from Niger) despite the decision taken by ECOWAS member countries, including Benin, to resume trade with Niger and the reopening of borders with this country.
In addition, in 2023, government intervention in the setting of prices in certain sectors such as soya has had a slight impact on the smooth running of the campaign for some ALIDé producers. Thus, ALIDé’s work is essential both as a financier and, above all, as an advisor to guarantee the continuity of its members’ activities in a constantly changing environment.

Partnership objectives

The partnership between SIDI and ALIDé will have a dual dimension in line with SIDI’s strategy: financial contribution and technical support.
Several areas of intervention and areas of support have been identified to support the development of activities and the finalization of its digitization process initiated in 2018.
These areas will be defined and prioritized by mutual agreement between the association and SIDI.
This partnership will enable ALIDé to increase its medium-term financing capacity.
At the same time, it marks the return of SIDI’s activities in Benin, where it no longer had an active partnership at the end of 2023.
SIDI, always committed to long-term partnerships, intends to continue its deployment in this country, supporting players such as ALIDé who are committed to fulfilling their social mission.

Gain a better understanding of how Abakundakawa, a Rwandan coffee cooperative, is helping to change the lives of its members.

Productrice de café de la coopérative abakundakawa

The Farmer Thriving Index, a new initiative designed to better assess changes in the lives of small-scale farmers.

The Farmer Thriving Index (FTI) was created by 60Decibels, a company specializing in social impact measurement. The FTI is an assessment designed to better understand the changes brought about by cooperatives for their members, as perceived by small-scale agricultural producers themselves. It takes into account several dimensions of economic, social and environmental well-being, providing an overall assessment of their quality of life and the sustainability of their activities. In East Africa, the FTI has focused specifically on small-scale coffee growers. A control group of 1,026 small-scale producers not affiliated to any cooperative or agricultural enterprise was interviewed. Their situations and responses are then compared with those of cooperative coffee growers. SIDI contributed to this study by co-financing, with our partner Aceli Africa and the ACTES foundation, an assessment of the situation of small-scale coffee producers who are members of Abakundakawa, a cooperative located in the north of Rwanda in the poor regions of Rushashi and Minazi. In all, 282 Abakundakawa suppliers were interviewed to better understand their situation and the effects of cooperative membership on their lives.

Abakundakawa, a Rwandan cooperative supported for over ten years by SIDI

Abakundakawa is a producer organization created in 1999 on the initiative of 367 Rwandan coffee growers, with the aim of enhancing the value of their production. From the outset, the organization has been dedicated to purchasing and processing Arabica coffee cherries into high-quality green coffee for international marketing. Over the past 25 years, Abakundakawa has gone from strength to strength, and today boasts over 2,100 active members, 44% of whom are women, 23 permanent employees and 175 seasonal workers. It exports around 19 containers of coffee every year. Abakundakawa’s activities have a strong social mission. Indeed, improving the standard of living of its members is at the heart of the cooperative’s activity. To meet this objective, it charges purchase prices higher than the minimum price set by the government. The organization has been Fair Trade certified since 2005, and has thus been able to increase its impact on social and local development through projects to supply water, improve agricultural access, pay for mutual health insurance schemes, etc.

The study describes producers whose living conditions are particularly fragile

Two-thirds of the producers who responded to the survey are men, owners of their own land, with an average age of 48. The families are large and poorly educated; for 37%, elementary school is the highest level of education in the family. On average, they own 2.7 hectares of land, 44% of which is devoted to growing Arabica for export, the rest to peas, corn and bananas.For half of those interviewed, coffee production is their main source of income. An assessment of their behavior shows that 60% of respondents have incomes below the “Living Income Reference Value”, an estimate of the minimum amount needed to live decently in the region. However, almost all the farmers interviewed want to continue producing coffee, and hope that their children will too.

What Abakundakawa brings to its producers

The cooperative strives to build member loyalty through regular training by agronomists and field agents: 71% are in regular contact with these agents, whom they meet three times a year on average. What’s more, the interviewees’ farming practices are generally more virtuous than those of the control group, with all of them implementing good farming practices and two-thirds practicing agroforestry. Abakundakawa facilitates access to suitable tools (hoe, saw, pruning shears) and cows to promote natural fertilization of plots. It also carries out specific actions in favor of young people and women, and offers a savings service. Thanks to the latter, 53% of respondents say they save every month, compared with only 25% of producers in the control group. These actions are the main drivers behind the very high level of supplier satisfaction with the cooperative, which scores highly on the Net Promoter Score, an indicator that compares the number of promoters of an organization (i.e. the number of people who would recommend the organization to their friends and family) with the number of detractors (people who would not recommend the organization to their friends and family). Abakundakawa achieves a very high score (NPS of 51), a testament to the strong satisfaction and loyalty of its members. These testify in particular: “They teach us how to make coffee, compost, mulch, prune, weed and renovate the field. All these things that the cooperative teaches us are very important for a coffee grower, because they enable him to improve his growing methods in a professional way. I think this is something unique that our cooperative possesses and can benefit all coffee growers.” Woman, aged 61

“I like the way they value their members and offer training so we can improve the quantity and quality of our produce. They also offer premiums and provide cows for breeding so we can get manure easily.” Woman, 62 As in the majority of satisfaction surveys linked to the provision of services, the only subject of dissatisfaction remains the price paid, in this case for coffee. 62% of respondents were dissatisfied with the prices paid by Abakundakawa. However, 62% also claim to have made a profit on the last harvest, and half of them have noticed an improvement on last year in terms of income received. In fact, Abakundakawa pays a higher price than the market price, and the premiums from organic and fair trade certification also enable the payment of a bonus at the end of the campaign. Aware of the crucial contribution made by the cooperative, 80% of those questioned plan to continue investing and developing their coffee production. It’s a safe bet that they will continue to supply Abakundakawa with top-quality fair-trade coffee for a long time to come.

SIDI’s 2023 annual report is online

Couv RA SIDI 2023 fr

2023 was a very special year for SIDI: we celebrated 40 years of existence.

  • 40 years of SIDI putting finance at the service of local economic development players in developing countries
  • SIDI has been financing and supporting local economic players for 40 years, working to improve the living conditions of vulnerable populations and promote virtuous ecological practices.
  • 40 years of an innovative intervention model based on the principle of a chain of financial solidarity, linking citizens who want to give meaning to their savings, to partner organizations and their beneficiaries.

Despite the combination of multi-factorial crises, SIDI manages to carry out its mission by placing additionality at the heart of its impact strategy, and by working on three major mission objectives:

  • Promoting economic equality
  • Promoting poverty reduction
  • Supporting the fight against climate change

Let’s continue to invest in a just transition.

Discover the report

Great news for the FEFISOL II fund

SIDI is very pleased to announce that USAID  – US Agency for International Development – and Prosper Africa – US government’s initiative to increase trade and investment with African countries – have approved a grant for FEFISOL II to help the fund mitigate currency risk on its local currency portfolio.

FEFISOL II is the investment fund backed by SIDI and Belgian investor Alterfin. Managed by Inpulse Investment Manager, FEFISOL II is dedicated to financing African rural microfinance institutions and agricultural entities sourcing from small producers in Africa.

FEFISOL II is a highly additional fund focused on sub-Saharan Africa, targeting the poorest and most unequal regions, often deemed too risky by traditional investors. It aims to support vulnerable populations, particularly women and rural inhabitants, by financing microfinance institutions to enhance financial inclusion, reduce poverty and generate employment. The fund also supports small agricultural entities to strengthen agricultural value chains and improve food security. FEFISOL II offers flexible debt products to meet diverse financial needs, and provides technical assistance to strengthen organizational capacities and support their social missions.

This grant provided by USAID and Prosper Africa will allow the fund to further develop its microfinance portfolio in Africa, and support FEFISOL II in its efforts to raise capital for the third and last closing, targeting to reach a size of €30 million. With this grant, USAID, Prosper Africa and FEFISOL II aim to enhance trade, investment and the business environment across the African continent by strengthening agricultural value chains, creating rural employment, increasing local value-added markets, reducing climate change vulnerability and, ultimately, contributing to the continent’s sustainable economic growth.

USAID and Prosper Africa’s contribution complements other blending mechanisms secured by the fund in 2023 with DFC – U.S. government’s development finance institution – and the Aceli Africa program. Given the amplification and overlapping of risks in Africa, it is crucial to rely on such risk-sharing mechanisms for a fund dedicated to financing rural microfinance and smallholder farmer organizations.

Testimonial at the SIDI General Meeting: resilience and social impact of Financiera FDL

présentation Julio Flores AG SIDI

This year’s General Meeting was an opportunity for SIDI to invite one of its partners to testify. Julio Flores, Managing Director of Financiera FDL, came to present the activities of this microfinance institution (MFI) which operates in Nicaragua, the 2nd poorest country in Central America.

The fruitful exchanges between Julio Flores and SIDI shareholders continued the following morning with a question and answer session. This time allowed us to go into more detail about FFDL’s business and its formidable resilience in the face of crises.

The NGO Fondo de Desarrollo Local (FDL) was created in 1993 by the Jesuits, following the civil war. FDL’s aim is to improve the living conditions of the most vulnerable Nicaraguans by providing them with loans, training and support services to help them develop their businesses, at a time when banks are not interested in this group. Financiera FDL has become the first MFI in the country and one of the largest in Central America. The institution mainly targets low-income people, farmers, breeders and micro-entrepreneurs in peri-urban areas. Thanks to its 38 branches, La Financiera has a strong territorial coverage, enabling it to provide 70% of its loans in rural areas, to populations with little access to credit.

 

Financiera FDL and its resilience to crises.

FDL’s growth was first slowed by the crisis between 2008 and 2011. In addition to the global economic crisis, an anti-MFI “Movimiento del no pago” (non-payment movement) has developed. It has led to a decline in the number of customers and payment defaults in the microfinance sector. FDL, despite a decline in portfolio and customers of around 50%, managed to restructure, before creating, alongside the NGO, the financial company Financiera FDL (FFDL) in 2016. To structure this financial company, FDL has chosen “international partners who share its vision”. As a result, SIDI became a minority shareholder.

A second crisis affected the country from 2018 to 2021. Politico-social conflict (murderous repression by the authoritarian regime) and economic instability led to a three-year contraction in GDP. Mass migration (10% of the population fled the country) was caused by persecution of civil society, including the Church. The number of FFDL customers has plummeted. This recession and drop in activity were exacerbated by the Covid crisis. Several MFIs have gone bankrupt, while FFDL’s portfolio has once again shrunk by 50% (more than $6 million in losses in 2018 and 2019)

FFDL overcame a number of challenges in order to emerge from the crisis: renewing its customer base, consolidating its portfolio and building up reserves. To support it, SIDI participated in the recapitalization of FFDL and made a 5-year subordinated loan (total outstanding amount of over €1.7 million in 2023). This second acquisition brings SIDI’s stake in FFDL to 4.4%. Backed by the support of its international shareholders, FFDL was able to negotiate with lenders to maintain its credit lines.

FFDL has achieved a spectacular turnaround. The portfolio has been growing since the end of the crisis, with a forecast +12% in 2024, which will enable us to recover the $6 million in losses recorded in recent years. All this has been made possible by the serious management and expertise of the company’s management team.

 

FFDL, an MFI with a strong social and environmental impact.

Nicaragua is one of the countries most exposed to climate change. The economy is partly based on cattle farming (54% of agricultural land), and the deforestation rate is the second highest in Central America. These activities are highly polluting and destructive, while severe droughts reduce agricultural yields by 20 to 40%.

Over the years, the MFI has developed a comprehensive range of support services for producers and breeders in the transition to agro-ecology. Support for producers in agro-ecological practices focuses on themes such as water management or arboriculture combined with animal husbandry. This technical assistance is paid for in part or in full by FFDL, depending on the customer’s standard of living.

To improve producers’ incomes and reduce poverty, FFDL supports product processing, such as packaging coffee for export. This on-site processing of raw materials by producers creates added value, reduces the number of intermediaries and enables them to sell their produce at a higher price, guaranteeing local producers a better income.

FFDL seeks to maximize its impact, and the results are there. According to an independent survey partly financed by SIDI, in 2023, more than 60% of FFDL’s customers will report an improvement in their standard of living. The structure adapts its loan amounts and terms according to customers’ needs. It grants loans from 14 months on average (for traders and businesses) to 36 months for agricultural activities. This earned FFDL a Microfinance Index award in 2023. (see related article).

FFDL has demonstrated impressive resilience, while maintaining a strong social and environmental dimension, with a focus on financial inclusion in rural areas and environmental protection.

For Julio Flores, “although SIDI is a minority shareholder, it is very much involved in FFDL’s key moments. SIDI’s active participation in FFDL’s governance through the involvement of a volunteer consultant (on its Board of Directors) is decisive”.

SIDI acquires a majority stake in Inpulse, a management company specializing in impact investment

SIDI is delighted to announce that it has taken a majority stake in the Belgian management company Inpulse Investment Manager, in which it previously held a 35% stake, through the partial buyout of Crédit Coopératif’s shares.

SIDI and Crédit Coopératif, the two shareholders in Inpulse, have decided to invert their respective shares in the company’s capital in order to consolidate it and support it in the development of its impact fund management activities in Europe and the South.

SIDI, more than Crédit Coopératif, has the experience of impact investment, both geographically and thematically (particularly in the financing of agricultural entities), to support development as a majority shareholder in the management company. By remaining a minority shareholder and member of the Board of Directors, Crédit Coopératif is demonstrating its determination to continue supporting the development of Inpulse alongside SIDI, of which it is also a shareholder and long-standing partner, and with which it has developed numerous collaborations in Africa and the Mediterranean Basin, notably within the framework of the FEFISOL and COOPMED Funds.

For SIDI, the strategy linked to this operation is based on 3 axes:

  • Consolidate the funds managed by Inpulse and ensure their economic viability, in particular the FEFISOL II fund, supported by SIDI.
  • Develop synergies between SIDI and Inpulse, notably through geographical complementarity at the operational level, the sharing of experience and best practices on the subjects of impact, social and environmental performance, compliance and the development of institutional relations.
  • Support the development of Inpulse in its efforts to diversify its activities, thanks to a competent team committed to the microfinance and social entrepreneurship sectors, in line with SIDI’s vision and strategy.

SIDI is taking a majority stake in a pioneering management company in the impact sector, with AIFM approval, which will also enable it to continue innovating socially in partnership with other investors and operators in the sector.

The Muungano agricultural cooperative wins the Grands Prix de la Finance Solidaire!

“We’re very inspired by this award,” confides Daniel Habamungu, the cooperative’s CEO. It further strengthens our determination to work together. It’s very important for the collective, because it gives courage and loyalty to the members of the cooperative”.

The award is in recognition of the remarkable work carried out by the Muungano team. In recent years, the cooperative has tripled its membership to 4,100 small family producers, 43% of whom are women. It produces very high value-added coffee in a particularly difficult context: limited infrastructure, transport difficulties, chronic insecurity in the region, and the area’s vulnerability to climate change.

The plantations are located between 1400 and 2600m altitude, and these volcanic highlands offer optimal conditions for growing Arabica coffee. The cooperative is certified fair trade and organic. Coffee growers take advantage of the great plant diversity to use agroforestry methods that combine shade and fruit trees with coffee plants. This naturally fertilizes the soil, reduces the risk of landslides and diversifies members’ sources of income.

SIDI has been a partner of Muungano since 2015. In a sector where other financiers charge high rates and also require property guarantees, SIDI can offer loans at attractive rates, enabling the cooperative to pre-finance coffee campaigns. At the same time, SIDI offers tailor-made support in key areas such as accounting and financial management, performance management and development strategy. Lastly, it supports the promotion of sustainable farming practices, particularly agro-ecology.

Despite the major challenges facing the cooperative, it has been able to resist, progress and supply the gourmet coffee sought after by connoisseur buyers in a niche sector with very high added value. SIDI is very proud to support the dynamism and resilience of the people of Kivu and the members of Muungano.

Well done to the great team at the Muungano agricultural cooperative and to all the coffee growers!